Government
Type: Parliamentary democracy.
Independence: July 30, 1980.
Constitution: July 30, 1980.
Branches: Executive--president (head of state), prime minister (head of government). Legislative--unicameral (52-member parliament). Judicial--Supreme Court.
Administrative subdivisions: 6 administrative districts.
Political parties: Vanua'aku Pati, Union of Moderate Parties, Melanesian Progressive Party, National United Party, People's Democratic Party, John Frum.
Suffrage: Universal over 18.
National holiday: July 30
Flag: A yellow Y with a black border horizontally divides the flag into three parts. The open end is closest to the staff. Above this division is red, below is forest green. The triangle remaining is black with a yellow pig tusk curved around crossed palm fronds.

Government of Vanuatu
The constitution created a republican political system headed by a president who has primarily ceremonial powers and is elected by a two-thirds majority in an electoral college consisting of members of Parliament and the presidents of Regional Councils. The president serves a 5-year term. The president may be removed by the electoral college for gross misconduct or incapacity. The prime minister, who is the head of government, is elected by a majority vote of a three-fourths quorum of the Parliament. The prime minister in turn appoints the Council of Ministers, whose number may not exceed one-fourth of the number of parliamentary representatives. The prime minister and the Council of Ministers constitute the executive government.

Parliament is a 52-member unicameral house elected by all persons over 18 years old. Parliament normally sits for a 4-year term unless dissolved by majority vote of a three-fourths quorum or a directive from the President on the advice of the prime minister. The national Council of Chiefs, called the Malvatu Mauri and elected by district councils of chiefs, advises the government on all matters concerning ni-Vanuatu culture and language.

The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and up to three other judges. Two or more members of this court may constitute a Court of Appeal. Magistrate courts handle most routine legal matters. The legal system is based on British law. The constitution also provides for the establishment of village or island courts presided over by chiefs to deal with questions of customary law.
source: http://www.state.gov